振荡中的中微子——中微子混合矩阵的提出与验证
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摘要: 中微子是联系微观物质世界和宏观宇宙的桥梁，对人类理解物质基本组成及宇宙起源和演化至关重要。1956年，科温(C.Cowan)和莱因斯(F.Reines)等首次直接探测到了反应堆电子反中微子。1962年，布鲁克海文实验室发现μ中微子。日本物理学家立即提出描述中微子振荡的混合矩阵，即MNS混合矩阵。此前，苏联物理学家庞蒂科夫(B.Pontecorvo)也提出中微子混合和振荡概念。中微子振荡随后成为粒子物理领域的研究热点，也是探索超出粒子物理标准模型的重要途径。本文旨在回顾中微子概念的提出历史，介绍庞蒂科夫和日本物理学家构建中微子混合矩阵的发展过程，并简要评述后续理论和实验发展。
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