打开宇宙电磁频谱的新窗口——超长波

陈学雷

打开宇宙电磁频谱的新窗口——超长波

陈学雷

中国科学院国家天文台 100101

基金项目:

本文的研究工作得到了中国科学院“空间科学（二期）”战略先导科技专项背景型号项目（XDA15020200），中国科学院前沿科学重点研究项目（QYZDJ-SSW-SLH017）、国家自然科学基金重点项目（11633004）、国家自然科学基金委员会中以合作项目11761141012的资助

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出版历程
- 网络出版日期: 2023-12-04
- 刊出日期: 2019-06-17

摘要

摘要: 1800年2月11日，英国天文学家威廉·赫谢尔在观测太阳光谱热效应时意外发现了肉眼不可见的红外辐射。此后，随着麦克斯韦电磁理论的建立，人们开始意识到，在可见光之外，还存在着其他波段的电磁波，它们的差别只在于频率或者说波长。现代的天文研究综合了这些不同波段的观测以获取信息。但是，地球大气对于观测不同频段的天体辐射却有很大影响。图1为地球大气对不同波段电磁辐射的吸收。我们看到，这其中有两个几乎完全透明的窗口，分别位于可见光波段和无线电波段（米波至厘米波）。我们的眼睛之所以对可见光敏感大概是长期进化的产物。现在，地面的天文观测也是以可见光和射电（无线电）天文观测为主，而其他波段特别是X射线、伽玛射线等高能天文观测，以及红外和毫米波观测，则往往依赖航天器的空间观测或火箭、气球等近邻空间观测手段，或者至少是利用高海拔观测站以尽量减少大气吸收。仅X射线波段，空间望远镜和实验就已有几十个。这些空间观测，打开了高能天文的观测窗口。

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